You will encounter these four purposes not only as you read for your classes but also as you read for work or pleasure. In academic settings, the reasons for writing fulfill four main purposes: to summarize, to analyze, to synthesize, and to evaluate. Why write a letter to your congressman? To persuade him to address your community’s needs. Why write instructions to the babysitter? To inform him or her of your schedule and rules. Basically, the purpose of a piece of writing answers the question “Why?” For example, why write a play? To entertain a packed theater. The purpose for a piece of writing identifies the reason you write a particular document. The individual or group whom the writer intends to address. Audience Identifies the individual(s) or group(s) whom the writer intends to address.The attitude the writer conveys about the paragraph’s subject. Tone Identifies a writer’s attitude toward his or her subject and audience.The reason the writer composes the paragraph. The common academic purposes are summary, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. Purpose Identifies the reason(s) why a writer creates a document.Three elements shape the content of each paragraph: To create longer assignments and to discuss more than one point, writers group together paragraphs. Because all the sentences in one paragraph support the same point, a paragraph may stand on its own.
One paragraph focuses on only one main idea and presents coherent sentences to support that one point. Paragraphs separate ideas into logical, manageable chunks. One technique that effective writers use is to begin a fresh paragraph for each new idea they introduce. Ask yourself whether you can focus easily on each point you make. During the writing process, it is helpful to position yourself as a reader. Even if you are reading a thrilling novel or an interesting news article, you will likely lose interest in what the author has to say very quickly.
Imagine reading one long block of text, with each idea blurring into the next. Apply purpose, audience, tone, and content to a specific assignment.Identify the four common academic purposes.
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